Breast cancer starts in the cells of the breast tissue. It is the second most common cancer diagnosed in women in the United States, following skin cancer. However, it is important to note that this cancer can also occur in men.
Experts estimate there will be about 310,000 new diagnoses in women in 2024. Understanding what to look for, and how to manage symptoms is important! Here is a guide from PatientsLikeMe.
Symptoms of Breast Cancer
The symptoms of breast cancer can be different from person to person. Some people may not experience any symptoms at all! However, there are a few common signs to look out for.
- Breast Lump or Thickened Area: One of the most common symptoms is a lump or a thickened area in the breast that feels different from the surrounding tissue. This lump is usually painless, but sometimes it can be tender.
- Changes in the Nipple: This includes a nipple that becomes flattened, turns inward, or changes in appearance. Sometimes, there can be discharge from the nipple that is not related to breastfeeding.
- Skin Changes: The skin over the breast may change in color or texture. In people with lighter skin, it may look pink or red, while in those with darker skin, it may appear darker than the surrounding skin or even purple. The skin might also become dimpled, similar to the texture of an orange peel.
- Size, Shape, or Appearance: Any noticeable change in the size, shape, or overall appearance of the breast should be a cause for concern. This includes swelling or shrinkage of one breast.
Causes
Unfortunately, we still do not know the exact cause of breast cancer. We do know that when breast cells mutate, they divide to create tumors. Sometimes these tumors can be cancerous. There are, however, a number of risk factors that can increase the chances you develop breast cancer. These include genetic factors, lifestyle choices, and environmental influences.
Factors that may increase the risk of breast cancer include:
- Age: While it can occur at any age, people over the age of 55 are at a higher risk. About two thirds of invasive breast cancers in women are at the age of 55 or older.
- Sex: Women are more likely to develop breast cancer than men. Fewer than 1% of all new cases happen in men.
- Smoking / Drinking: Tobacco use is linked with a number of different types of cancer. Alcohol use may also increase your risk. Two or more drinks a day increase chances of developing breast cancer by 20% compared to no consumption.
- Obesity: The increase in risk depends on the type of cancer. Postmenopausal breast cancer has been found to be 1.2-1.4 times as likely in people with obesity.
- Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Some types of HRT can increase your risk.
- Family History: A family history of breast cancer, especially in a parent, sibling, or child, increases the risk.
Managing Symptoms
Managing the symptoms of breast cancer involves a combination of treatments and lifestyle adjustments. One of the first steps is medial treatment. This includes surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy. The choice of treatment depends on the stage and type of breast cancer, as well as your overall health!
Pain is a common symptom of breast cancer and its treatment. Managing pain through over-the-counter pain relievers, prescription medications, and complementary therapies such as acupuncture or massage can help. Many breast cancer patients also experience fatigue. Staying active, eating a balanced diet, and managing stress can help with this. Rest is also important, so listening to your body and taking breaks when needed is crucial.
Skin changes due to radiation therapy can cause discomfort. Using gentle skin care products, moisturizing regularly, and avoiding sun exposure can help manage these symptoms. Finally, a breast cancer diagnosis can be emotionally challenging. Support groups, counseling, and talking with friends and family can provide much-needed emotional support.
When to See a Doctor
If you detect a lump or any other unusual changes in your breast, make an appointment with a healthcare professional! Do not wait for your next scheduled mammogram. Even if a recent mammogram was normal, report any new changes to your doctor right away.
Early detection of breast cancer through self-exams and regular screenings is key to successful treatment! Managing symptoms involves a combination of medical treatments, lifestyle changes, and emotional support. Always work with your doctor for personalized advice and treatment plans. Check out PatientsLikeMe for more support!