Managing type 2 diabetes means a combination of lifestyle changes and medication to keep blood sugar levels in check! One medication that is getting a lot of attention lately is GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs). These medications work differently from other treatments, offering unique benefits for people with type 2 diabetes. While many people have started to take GLP-1s for their weight loss benefits, they were originally designed to treat type 2 diabetes. So what do you need to know? Here, PatientsLikeMe will explain what GLP-1 medications are, the types available, how they are taken, and the benefits they offer.
What are the Different Types of GLP-1s?
GLP-1 receptor agonists mimic a natural hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). This hormone helps regulate blood sugar levels. In people with type 2 diabetes, the body may not respond properly the hormone, which means over time they have higher blood sugar levels. That's when a doctor may prescribe a GLP-1 medication! These medications work by:
- Increasing insulin release when blood sugar levels are high.
- Reducing the amount of sugar produced by the liver.
- Slowing the emptying of food from the stomach to help control appetite.
By mimicking the actions of natural GLP-1, these medications help improve blood sugar control and offer additional health benefits. There are two main types of GLP-1 receptor agonists: short-acting and long-acting. Each has unique characteristics that can suit different treatment needs.
Short-Acting
Short-acting GLP-1 medications, like exenatide (Byetta) and lixisenatide (Adlyxin), are usually taken daily or even twice daily. These medications:
- Focus on reducing blood sugar spikes after meals by slowing gastric emptying.
- They also work well for people who experience large increases in blood sugar levels after eating.
Long-Acting
Long-acting GLP-1 medications, like dulaglutide (Trulicity), semaglutide (Ozempic), and exenatide extended-release (Bydureon), are usually taken once a week. These medications:
- Primarily reduce fasting blood sugar levels by increasing insulin secretion over time.
- Offer greater convenience for people who prefer fewer doses.
Your healthcare provider can help determine which type of GLP-1 medication is best for your specific needs.
How Are GLP-1 Medications Taken?
GLP-1 receptor agonists are available in both injectable and oral forms.
- Injectable GLP-1 RAs: Most GLP-1 medications are given as injections under the skin. How often they need to be injected depends on whether the medication is short-acting (once or twice daily) or long-acting (once weekly).
- Oral GLP-1 RAs: Some newer options, like oral semaglutide (Rybelsus), give an alternative for people who prefer not to use injections. You take these tablets once daily.
Regardless of the form, doctors often prescribe GLP-1 medications alongside other treatments like metformin or basal insulin. It is important to follow your doctor's instructions for proper use.
Benefits of GLP-1 Medications for Type 2 Diabetes
So why take a GLP-1 medication if you have type 2 diabetes? They have a number of benefits that make them an appealing choice for managing this condition.
- Improved Blood Sugar Control: These medications help lower blood sugar levels by increasing insulin release and reducing the amount of sugar produced by the liver. Unlike some other treatments, GLP-1 medications are unlikely to cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) when used alone.
- Weight Management: GLP-1 medications can promote weight loss by slowing gastric emptying and reducing appetite! This makes them particularly useful for people who are overweight or obese.
- Heart Health Benefits: Many GLP-1 medications lower the risk of cardiovascular events like heart attacks and strokes in people with diabetes.
- Kidney Protection: Emerging research suggests that GLP-1 medications may help protect kidney health by lowering inflammation and reducing protein levels in the urine.
GLP-1 receptor agonists are an effective treatment option for many people with type 2 diabetes. Their ability to improve blood sugar control, promote weight loss, and protect heart and kidney health makes them a great addition to diabetes management plans. Talk to your doctor to learn more and see if a GLP-1 medication might be right for you!
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