Estimated reading time: 5 minutes
Medically reviewed and verified by Kate Burke, MD, MHA
Living with ulcerative colitis (UC) can bring unexpected challenges, including issues that go beyond the digestive system. One such issue is mouth sores. These painful or uncomfortable sores may show up because of UC flare-ups, side effects from medications, or other related conditions. While UC primarily affects the colon, its impact can go beyond to the soft tissues in the mouth. If you are wondering why a symptom like this is happening, it could be because of your UC! Let's make sure you can recognize and manage these symptoms effectively.
UC and Mouth Sores
Why does ulcerative colitis cause mouth sores? UC is a form of inflammatory bowel disease that causes chronic inflammation in the colon. Just because this inflammation is in the colon doesn't mean it can't influence other parts of the body. That includes the mouth. Mouth sores in people with UC may result from immune responses, medications, or vitamin deficiencies. The inflammation causing UC in the colon can sometimes extend to the soft tissues of the mouth. Drugs prescribed for UC, like aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, and immunomodulators, may cause or exacerbate mouth sores. An inability to absorb nutrients like vitamin B12, iron, and folate, which are common in UC, can also lead to oral health problems.
Common Oral Issues
There are a few oral problems that can come up for people with UC. Understanding these conditions is the first step in addressing them.
Canker Sores (Aphthous Ulcers)
Most people have heard of canker sores, which are fairly common and affect a few million people each year in the United States. They are small, round, white or yellow spots with a red border. Canker sores are often triggered during UC flare-ups because of higher inflammation or nutrient deficiencies. They can be painful and make both eating and speaking more difficult. Canker sores are usually treated with medicinal mouthwashes or doctor-recommended supplements.
Pyostomatitis Vegetans
Pyostomatitis vegetans, or PV, is much less common. Here, white or yellow pustules form inside the mouth, often surrounded by red, inflamed tissue. They are strongly linked to UC or Crohn's disease and can erupt into ulcers if untreated. Managing the underlying UC can resolve PV, and doctors may prescribe medications like biologics in severe cases.
Dry Mouth and Bad Breath
While a dry mouth may not sound like a serious side effect, it can be frustrating to manage day to day! UC flare-ups and certain medications can lead to dryness and discomfort. It can also cause bad breath and difficulty swallowing. Treating this side effect is relatively simple, fortunately. Drinking cold water can ease the feeling of discomfort, while sucking on ice cubes or chewing sugar-free gum can help with saliva production.
These oral problems can also alter your taste perception and lead to persistent bad breath. The best thing to do is to practice good oral hygiene! Make sure you brush and floss regularly to minimize the build-up of bacteria.
Management and Prevention
So, what can you do to manage these symptoms? Dealing with mouth sores takes a combination of treating the underlying condition, relieving symptoms, and preventative measures. First, what easy steps can you take while at home? Rinsing with a medicated or saltwater mouthwash can soothe inflammation. You should also avoid spicy or acidic foods that may irritate sores. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush if your mouth is sensitive. Drink plenty of water, brush and floss regularly, and try to make sure you are getting enough nutrients!
Stress can make UC flare-ups worse. If you find yourself having a hard time managing your stress, consider relaxation techniques like deep breathing or yoga. Regular check-ups with your doctor can also help address flare-ups before they escalate. Not all mouth sores need medical treatment, but it’s important to get help if:
- Sores last longer than three weeks.
- They worsen despite home remedies.
- Mouth sores appear frequently or severely interfere with eating and speaking.
A doctor may adjust your UC treatment plan or prescribe topical creams, antiseptic mouthwashes, or systemic medications including corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents to target persistent sores.
Mouth sores can be a frustrating side effect of ulcerative colitis, but with proper care and management, they are treatable! Addressing the underlying UC, keeping good oral hygiene, and getting medical attention when needed can improve your comfort and quality of life. Remember, while mouth sores may seem like a small part of UC, they’re an important symptom to address for overall health and well-being.
PatientsLikeMe is your gateway to taking control of your health, offering a supportive community and powerful tools to manage your wellness journey. By joining PatientsLikeMe, you can connect with others who understand your experiences and provide invaluable advice and encouragement. Track your symptoms, treatments, and outcomes with ease, allowing for better informed health decisions and improved communication with your healthcare team.