Estimated reading time: 4 minutes
If you notice a depressed mood or loss of interest in things that once brought you joy, you could be experiencing a depressive episode. Throughout our lives, everyone has depressive periods whether due to traumatic events, grief, stress, or various other causes. But individuals who suffer for extended periods of time with a depressed mood could be suffering from a number of types of depression, including clinical depression aka major depressive disorder. But how common is major depressive disorder (MDD) when compared to other types of depression? Let’s find out.
What is Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder that can impact a person's thoughts, feelings, and behavior, and can lead to emotional and physical problems. In order to be diagnosed with MDD, a person must experience a depressive episode consistently for at least two consecutive weeks.
Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Health professionals have a diagnostic criterion they use to determine if a person is suffering from major depressive disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association determines an MDD diagnosis based on the following:
According to the American Addiction Centers, someone with major depressive disorder must experience five or more of the following symptoms for at least two weeks to be diagnosed with this condition:
- Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day
- Decreased interest in previously enjoyed activities or hobbies
- Drastic weight loss or gain that cannot be attributed to diet
- Insomnia or hypersomnia
- Psychomotor agitation
- Fatigue or loss of energy
- Feelings of worthlessness and guilt
- Difficulty thinking or concentrating
- Recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation
Causes for Depression
Some potential causes for depression include:
- Brain chemistry: An imbalance in brain chemicals can contribute to the development of major depressive disorder.
- Hormones: Changes in hormone levels, such as during pregnancy or menopause, can affect mood and increase the risk of depression and MDD.
- Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as thyroid disorders, can affect mood and increase the risk of depression and MDD.
- Substance use: Substance use can affect brain chemistry and contribute to the development of depression and MDD.
- Life events: Significant life events, such as a breakup or job loss, can trigger the onset of depression and/or MDD.
How Common is Major Depressive Disorder?
MDD is considered quite common. Mental Health America reports, “Major depression is one of the most common mental illnesses, affecting more than 8% (21 million) of American adults each year.” The National Institutes of Health report, “Depression is a common and leading cause of disability worldwide, affecting an estimated 280–300 million people, or 4.4–5% of the global population.”
These are staggering numbers when we think about the power that depression can have. This condition takes hold of a person’s life and identity and thoughts and can make it virtually impossible to function. If left untreated, the condition can even prove fatal. If you are experiencing symptoms of depression, seek help immediately. With the right medication and talk therapy, depression is a manageable condition in which most people find they can live truly fulfilling lives.
