Estimated reading time: 5 minutes
Medically reviewed and verified by Kate Burke, MD, MHA
Nausea is a common symptom that many people experience, whether it’s due to a stomach bug, overeating, or anxiety. For those with type 1 diabetes, nausea can be a constant companion. It is often linked to changes in blood sugar levels, medications, or diabetes-related complications. How exactly are nausea and diabetes connected? What are the different causes? Here, PatientsLikeMe will provide practical tips for managing and reducing these symptoms.
How Diabetes and Nausea Are Linked
Diabetes, whether type 1 or type 2, involves issues with insulin and blood glucose levels. This connection can lead to two main conditions: hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Both conditions can significantly impact the body’s digestive system and lead to feelings of nausea.
- Hyperglycemia: This occurs when there isn’t enough insulin in the body to regulate blood sugar levels. This then causes glucose to build up in the bloodstream. Symptoms of hyperglycemia include thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and nausea. If left untreated, it can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a severe condition that can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fruity-smelling breath.
- Hypoglycemia: On the other hand, low blood sugar happens when there is too much insulin or you have not eaten enough food. Symptoms include sweating, shaking, confusion, and nausea. Severe hypoglycemia can be dangerous and requires immediate attention to stabilize blood sugar levels.
Click here to learn more about Type 1 Diabetes.
Common Causes of Nausea
Nausea in diabetes can stem from a few different factors. We already mentioned how it can come about from changes in blood sugar levels. Both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia can cause nausea. Some diabetes medications, like metformin, can also cause nausea. Taking metformin with food can help mitigate this side effect. Injectable medications, such as GLP-1 agonists, may also cause nausea. This is especially true when first started.
A number of complications as a result of diabetes can also cause nausea.
Gastroparesis
Gastroparesis is a condition where the stomach cannot empty food properly, causing a backup of food and fluid in the stomach. Up to 40% of people with type 1 diabetes experience gastroparesis. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, bloating, and abdominal pain. Managing this condition often involves dietary changes, such as eating smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding high-fiber foods.
Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis, or inflammation of the pancreas, can occur more frequently in people with diabetes. It can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. A low-fat diet, avoiding alcohol, and quitting smoking can help manage and prevent pancreatitis.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious condition that requires urgent medical care. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, excessive thirst, frequent urination, and confusion.
Managing Nausea
Managing nausea effectively takes a combination of lifestyle changes, medication adjustments, and monitoring blood sugar levels. For anyone with diabetes, the first step is to monitor your blood sugar levels. Keep a close eye on your levels, especially during illness or when you make changes to your diet and exercise routines. Use a glucose meter to check your levels regularly. Adjusting medication may also help. If you experience nausea with new medications, talk to your healthcare provider. They might adjust the dosage or switch to a different medication.
Lifestyle Changes
By making a few lifestyle changes, you can effectively manage nausea from diabetes. Try implementing some of these changes.
- Eat smaller, more frequent meals instead of large meals.
- Avoid high-fat and high-fiber foods that can exacerbate nausea. Foods rich in protein, clear broths, and ginger can help soothe your stomach.
- Drink plenty of fluids, especially water, to stay hydrated. Dehydration can worsen nausea, so sip on water throughout the day.
- Stress and anxiety can increase nausea. Practice relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga, to help reduce stress levels.
- Light exercise, such as walking after meals, can aid digestion and reduce nausea. Avoid strenuous activities, especially if you feel nauseous.
When to Seek Care
In some cases, nausea can indicate a serious complication that requires immediate medical attention. If your nausea persists for more than a day, is severe, or is accompanied by other symptoms like fever, vomiting, chest pain or abdominal pain, talk to your healthcare provider immediately. They can help determine if there is an underlying complication that needs urgent treatment. Keep an eye out for:
- Severe abdominal pain or tenderness
- Vomiting blood or unusual-colored vomit
- High fever, confusion, or difficulty breathing
- Fainting or loss of consciousness
- Chest pain or shortness of breath
Nausea is a common issue for many people with diabetes. With the right management strategies, it can be managed! Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice and treatment options to ensure you manage your diabetes and nausea effectively. By taking proactive steps, you can improve your quality of life and keep your diabetes in check.
Nearly 1 million people have joined PatientsLikeMe. You can track your health, monitor the efficacy of treatment, and talk to people experiencing the same thing as you. Creating an account is free! Join today.