Medically reviewed and verified by Kate Burke, MD, MHA
When proteins in the body misfold, they can spread to different organs and tissues. There, they start to accumulate. Over time, this build up of proteins can damage wherever they have landed. In many cases of amyloidosis, they spread to multiple parts of the body. In cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), the brain is usually the only area affected. That does not make it any less dangerous. This condition is where proteins build up in the walls of the blood vessels in the brain. This can lead to bleeding in the brain and cognitive problems, such as memory loss and confusion. What are the causes and symptoms of CAA, and how is it treated? PatientsLikeMe has the answers.
Causes of CAA
The biggest risk factor for cerebral amyloid angiopathy is age. The older you get, the more likely it is to occur. CAA is most often seen in people over the age of 55. Research has also found a link between CAA and Alzheimer's disease.
Symptoms of CAA
Symptoms of CAA can vary based on the severity and location of the bleeding in the brain. Some people might not notice symptoms initially, while others might experience more severe issues. For minor cases, you might experience:
- Headaches
- Seizures
- Confusion and delirium
- Loss of mental function
- Sudden weakness
If the bleeding is significant, symptoms might resemble those of a stroke. That includes:
- Drowsiness
- Headache
- Confusion, double vision, speech problems
- Seizures
- Vomiting
- Stupor or coma
Diagnosis and Treatment of CAA
A definitive diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy cannot be done while someone is alive. Fortunately, there are ways of making a probable diagnosis! Doctors can take a CT scan or brain MRI to look for bleeding in the brain. An MRA scan can check for large bleeds and rule out other causes. A PET scan can check for amyloid deposits in the brain.
There is no cure for CAA. Treatments focus on managing symptoms and preventing further bleeding. Keeping blood pressure under control is the first step. This can help reduce the risk of further bleeding. Medications that thin the blood, like anticoagulants, are usually avoided because they can increase bleeding risk. Certain medicines used for Alzheimer’s disease may help with memory problems. Anti-seizure medications can control seizures. Physical, occupational, or speech therapy can help you regain lost abilities.
Living with CAA
Living with CAA means managing symptoms and making lifestyle changes to reduce risks. Make frequent visits to the doctor to monitor your health and manage blood pressure. Eating a balanced diet, exercising, and avoiding smoking can help maintain overall health. It is important to know the signs of severe symptoms, like sudden headaches or confusion. Recognizing these can help with seeking immediate medical help if they occur. CAA is a progressive condition, meaning it tends to get worse over time. However, with proper management, many people can live with the condition for years.
If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with CAA, stay informed and proactive in managing the condition. Get regular medical care, make healthy lifestyle adjustments, and find support from healthcare professionals and others with the condition. For any concerns or questions, always work with your doctor.
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