Medically reviewed and verified by Kate Burke, MD, MHA
Did you know that having type 1 diabetes (T1D) can significantly impact your oral hygiene? If you have T1D, you already know how important it is to manage your blood sugar levels. Turns out, it is equally important to watch for how diabetes can affect your teeth and gums! People with T1D are at a higher risk of getting gum disease, as well as infections. Not only that, but the condition also slows down how quickly you heal. For those reasons, staying on top of your oral hygiene is crucial. Here is a guide from PatientsLikeMe to everything you need to know.
How T1D Affects Oral Health
T1D can change your saliva, both by reducing the amount your mouth produces and increasing how much sugar is in it. As a result, your risk of developing gum disease, including gingivitis (early-stage gum disease) and periodontitis (advanced gum disease) increases. Both conditions start with plaque, a sticky film that accumulates on your teeth and contains bacteria. In people with diabetes, the body's inflammatory response to this bacterium is heightened. This can lead to a loss of the supporting tissue for your teeth. If left untreated, this can cause your teeth to become loose or even require removal.
Saliva is necessary for washing away food debris, sugar, and bacteria. Without enough saliva, you are more prone to cavities, infections, and ulcers. People with diabetes are also more susceptible to thrush, a fungal infection in the mouth. This is because high blood sugar levels in the saliva can encourage the growth of fungi. Diabetes even slows down the healing process. If you have oral surgery or even a small cut in your mouth, it may take longer to heal and you may be more prone to infection.
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Ways to Improve Oral Health
The best way to stay healthy is by taking preventive steps. Stop any damage to your gums or teeth before it has a chance to develop. Here are some practical steps you can take!
- Brush Your Teeth Twice a Day: Brush your teeth for two minutes, twice a day, using fluoride toothpaste. Make sure to brush the outer, inner, and chewing surfaces of your teeth thoroughly.
- Floss Daily: Flossing helps remove plaque and food particles between your teeth and along the gum line. Preventing plaque buildup is a great way to reduce your risk of gum disease or inflammation. Be sure to pay extra attention to the spaces between your teeth the brush cannot reach.
- Visit Your Dentist Regularly: See your dentist at least twice a year for checkups and cleanings. Depending on your gum health, your dentist might recommend coming more often. Talk to your dentist about your diabetes and any medications you are taking.
- Manage Your Blood Sugar Levels: Keeping your blood sugar levels within your target range is crucial for your overall health and your oral health. Good blood sugar control can help reduce your risk of gum disease and other oral health problems.
- Stay Hydrated and Keep a Healthy Diet: Drink plenty of water to help keep your mouth moist and wash away food particles and bacteria. Chewing sugar-free gum can also stimulate saliva production. A balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals supports both your general health and oral health. Avoid sugary snacks and beverages that can contribute to tooth decay.
- Avoid Tobacco: Smoking and using other tobacco products can significantly increase your risk of gum disease and other oral health problems. Talk to your doctor about ways to quit if you use tobacco.
Getting the Most of Dental Appointments
While you might not think of your dentist as part of your care team, they are! Your oral health is closely tied to your overall health. Research has linked heart disease and stroke to inflammation and infections from oral germs. To get the most out of your dental visits, make sure your dentist understands the specific needs of people with diabetes.
Talk to them about your diabetes management and any changes in your health or medications. Eat normally and take your usual medications before your appointments. Finally, do not hesitate to ask your dentist about the health of your gums, any bleeding, and what else you can do to improve your oral health.
Managing type 1 diabetes involves more than just monitoring your blood sugar. You need to take steps to protect your oral health and hygiene. Following some simple tips can lower your risk of oral health problems and keep your smile healthy!
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