Medically reviewed and verified by Kate Burke, MD, MHA
If you have amyloidosis, there are a range of steps you can take to improve your health. Alongside medications, healthy life style changes are an accessible and easy way to start! Amyloidosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of amyloid proteins in tissues and organs. Over time, this leads to health complications. While diet changes cannot prevent or cure amyloidosis, maintaining a nutritious and balanced diet can help control symptoms and avoid certain issues. Let's look at diet advice for anyone living with amyloidosis.
Understanding Amyloidosis
Amyloidosis leads to complications when amyloid proteins buildup in tissues and organs. This interferes with normal function. Different types of amyloidosis affect various organs.
- Amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis: Often affects the heart, kidneys, nervous system, and digestive system.
- AA amyloidosis: Typically causes kidney complications and may damage the digestive system, liver, and spleen.
- Hereditary amyloidosis: Commonly leads to heart, eye, kidney, and nerve complications.
- Wild-type amyloidosis: Primarily affects the heart and nerves.
It is important to note that not every type of amyloidosis will respond to dietary changes. There are no specific diet recommendations for people living with AL amyloidosis. Regardless, a healthy diet can improve general health and is good to follow.
General Diet Advice
To start, a balanced diet rich in a variety of nutrients is always best for supporting overall health. There are four categories of nutrients to be aware of:
- Carbohydrates
- Fats
- Proteins
- Vitamins and Minerals
For your protein, look to eat lean meats, fish, eggs, beans and nuts. Although amyloidosis is caused by abnormally shaped proteins, dietary protein typically does not impact the production of amyloids. If your kidneys have been affected, you may need to limit your protein intake. Carbohydrates should come from whole grains, fruits and vegetables. The best sources of fats are from avocados, olive oil, and nuts. Eating smaller, more frequent meals can also help keep your blood sugar levels stable! Fruits and vegetables also contain a lot of vitamins and minerals. A general rule of thumb is to try and "eat the rainbow" and make sure you have a lot of color on your plate! This does not have to be every meal, but including a variety of fruits and vegetables in your lunch and dinner is a great way to start.
Hydration is also essential. Your body needs water to function properly, so make sure you are drinking enough water. For those who have heart and kidney conditions as a result of their amyloidosis, make sure you talk to your doctor about proper fluid levels! There is such a thing as too much water. Fluid can build up, leading to swelling and exhaustion. Always work with your healthcare team to find the right balance.
Foods to Avoid
- High-Sodium Foods: Too much sodium can lead to high blood pressure and fluid retention. This can make symptoms worse! Try to avoid processed foods like chips, fast food, and canned soups. High-sodium snacks like pretzels and salted nuts should be moderated as well.
- Sugary Foods and Beverages: We all need sugar. Certain sources of sugar, however, are worse for your body. Complex carbohydrates are better for health, while simple sugars can be damaging. Try to limit your intake of sugary snacks, candies, and sodas to maintain stable blood sugar levels.
- Saturated and Trans Fats: Fats are an important source of energy. However, certain types of fats are better than others. Too much saturated and trans fats can raise cholesterol and increase the risk of health problems. Meat from animals and dairy products often have higher levels of saturated fats. Processed or pre-packaged foods usually have higher amounts of trans fats.
Diet Advice for Specific Complications
Kidney Health
Amyloidosis often affects the kidneys, leading to kidney disease or failure. To support kidney health, you may have to limit protein consumption to reduce the burden on the kidneys. Reduce your sodium intake to manage blood pressure and swelling. Try to cook meals with whole ingredients rather than eating processed foods. Monitor and limit how much you drink. This includes water, soda, coffee, tea, and alcohol.
Heart Health
Amyloidosis can also cause heart complications, including congestive heart failure. Reduce your salt intake to manage fluid levels and blood pressure. Make meals at home to control how much sodium you are eating. Try to add healthy fats into your diet and avoid saturated and trans fats to promote cardiovascular health.
Digestive Health
The GI tract can be affected by amyloidosis, which can lead to various symptoms. Stay away from high-fat, salty, and spicy foods that can aggravate symptoms like heartburn and nausea. Consider a low FODMAP diet to reduce gas and bloating. Avoid foods like wheat, beans, certain dairy products, and specific fruits and vegetables. Adjust fiber intake based on symptoms. If you have constipation, eat more fiber like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Reduce fiber for diarrhea by limiting these foods. Smaller portions and avoiding late-night meals can reduce nausea and vomiting.
Changes to your diet cannot cure amyloidosis. They do, however, play a crucial role in managing symptoms and improving quality of life. By following these guidelines, you can support your overall health and manage complications from the condition. Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized diet advice and adjustments based on your specific health needs.
PatientsLikeMe gives you a full range of benefits. You can track your health, monitor the efficacy of treatment, and talk to people experiencing the same thing as you. Creating an account is free! Join today.