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Our skin is the largest organ in the body. It protects us from germs and helps regulate temperature. Every inch of our skin has about 19 million skill cells, 1,000 nerve endings, 20 blood vessels, and 60,000 melanocytes. Lupus is an autoimmune disease that can cause a number of different symptoms, including skin rashes. One of the most common and early signs of lupus is the appearance of a rash on the face, head, or neck.
What is a Lupus Rash?
Lupus rashes happen when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells. This then leads to inflammation and redness. These rashes are often triggered by exposure to sunlight or artificial ultraviolet (UV) light. There are a few types to be aware of.
- Malar Rash (Butterfly Rash):
- Appearance: This rash is called a malar rash because it spreads across the cheeks and bridge of the nose in a shape that looks like a butterfly. A malar rash often indicates that lupus is active or "flaring up."
- Symptoms: The rash is typically red and may be flat or slightly raised. It can look like a severe blush or sunburn.
- Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE):
- Appearance: This type of rash consists of red, circular patches that are thick and scaly. It usually appears on the face and scalp. DLE rashes may cause hair loss if they appear on the scalp. Chronic rashes can increase the risk of skin cancer.
- Symptoms: These patches don't usually itch or hurt but can lead to scarring and changes in skin color.
- Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (SCLE):
- Appearance: SCLE rashes form red, circular patches that often connect to create a pattern. SCLE rashes indicate skin sensitivity to sunlight and may signal more widespread lupus activity.
- Symptoms: These rashes generally do not itch or hurt and appear on parts of the body that get a lot of sun, such as the neck, shoulders, and chest.
Causes and Triggers
The exact causes of lupus are still unknown. As far as what can cause skin rashes, doctors have a good idea of the likely triggers. The most common one is sunlight. UV light from the sun or artificial sources can cause your skin to break out in a rash. When the skin is exposed to UV light, immune cells in the skin react. This causes inflammation and rashes. People with lupus are often photosensitive. This means their skin reacts strongly to sunlight.
Infections can also trigger a lupus relapse or flare. This does not necessarily mean you will break out in skin rashes, but it can trigger underlying symptoms. Certain types of medications have also been known to trigger a lupus response. Specific blood pressure, anti-seizure medications, and antibiotics have been demonstrated to cause a flare up.
Prevention and Care
To manage and prevent lupus rashes, it is essential to protect your skin from UV light. Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 every day, even when indoors. Wear long sleeves, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses when outside. Try to stay indoors between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., when the sun's rays are strongest. If needed, apply UV-protective films to your home and car windows.
If you develop a lupus rash, a dermatologist can provide treatments to help manage it:
- Topical Steroids: Creams or ointments to reduce inflammation.
- Antimalarial Drugs: Medications like hydroxychloroquine can help control skin symptoms.
By understanding the types of lupus rashes and taking steps to protect your skin, you can better manage this symptom. And be sure to always work closely with your doctor! Check out PatientsLikeMe for more tips.