Estimated reading time: 5 minutes
Medically reviewed and verified by Kate Burke, MD, MHA
People with type 1 diabetes need to take extra care of their feet because they are at a higher risk for foot problems. High blood sugar levels can lead to nerve damage (neuropathy) and poor blood flow. In fact, up to half of all people with diabetes will develop neuropathy at some point in their lives. There is no cure, but with proper management and treatment the side effects can be minimized.
Diabetic neuropathy can cause serious foot complications. Knowing what to look for and steps you can take to manage the symptoms is the best way to ensure long-term health. Wearing the right socks and shoes is a good place to start. Here’s what you should know!
Importance of Proper Footwear
Decreased sensation and restricted blood flow to the feet can lead to serious health complications. Over time, people can develop ulcers and infections that may require amputation. 60% of lower-leg amputations 20 years or older is because of diabetes. Proper shoes protect feet from cuts, blisters, and other injuries that can easily become infected. Shoes that fit well and are comfortable also reduce the risk of rubbing and pressure points that can cause blisters and sores.
Good shoes provide arch support as well! This helps distribute weight evenly and reduces stress on the feet. Proper cushioning helps absorb shock and reduce pressure, which is important for people with neuropathy who may not feel pain as easily. Shoes that are too tight can restrict blood flow. Properly fitting shoes help maintain good circulation, which is crucial for healing and overall foot health.
Importance of Suitable Socks
You need to pair a good set of socks with your shoes! These are generally designed to minimize foot injuries and to keep feet dry and warm. Socks made from breathable materials, like cotton or moisture-wicking fabrics, keep feet dry. Moisture can lead to fungal infections and blisters. Socks without seams reduce the risk of rubbing and irritation, which can cause sores.
Padded socks provide extra cushioning to protect sensitive areas of the feet. Socks with non-binding tops do not constrict the leg, promoting better circulation. A recent study also found that socks with some compression can improve swelling in the lower legs and feet without worsening circulation.
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What to Look For
Shoes
- Comfort: Shoes should provide ample cushioning and support. Look for options that reduce pressure on the feet. This can prevent complications like blisters or calluses which can escalate into more serious problems.
- Sizing: If your shoes do not fit properly, it can lead to problems. You should choose a shoe that leaves you some wiggle room in the toes without being too loose. Loose shoes can lead to sores which can become infected. Too tight and you reduce circulation. If shoes do not fit properly, you are also at a higher risk of falling.
- Breathability: Try to pick shoes made from materials like leather or mesh. Ventilation helps prevent moisture from building up around the foot, which can lead to fungal infections.
- Custom Orthotics: Sometimes you may need to work with a podiatrist to develop custom-made inserts. These can help improve comfort and reduce pressure.
Socks
- Breathability: Socks that have moisture-wicking properties can help keep your feet dry. This lowers the risk of fungal infections, prevents odors, and a dry foot offers protection blister development and other wounds. This is especially important for anyone wearing close-toed shoes. You may want to try acrylic fiber socks vs cotton!
- Padding: Many pairs of diabetic socks have pads sewn into the soles for extra protection. However, the pads can be positioned in different areas depending on your daily activity. There are some with pads in the heel to provide additional support especially for those who may need to stand for long periods of time. Toe padded socks will help those who play sports like soccer or tennis.
- Seamless: While it may seem trivial, interior seams on socks can rub against your skin. This can lead to blistering, which in turn can become infected. Someone with diabetic neuropathy or chronic hyperglycemia could also get ulcers from the rubbing.
- Antimicrobial: Some socks are infused with copper or silver as a defense against microbes. This is a measure to prevent fungal infections like athlete's foot. Added bonus-- these socks also prevent foot odor!
Foot Care Tips
There are a few steps you can take every day to prevent injuries or infections that can lead to serious health risks.
- Check your feet daily for any cuts, blisters, redness, or swelling.
- Keep your feet clean and dry. Wash them regularly with mild soap and warm (not hot!) water, and dry thoroughly, especially between the toes.
- Trim your toenails straight across and file the edges to prevent ingrown toenails.
- Always wear shoes or slippers, even indoors, to protect your feet from injuries.
- Finally, have your feet checked regularly by a healthcare professional.
For people with type 1 diabetes (T1D), wearing the right socks and shoes is crucial for foot health. Proper footwear helps prevent injuries, supports foot health, and promotes good circulation. The right socks reduce moisture, provide comfort, and protect the feet. Along with regular foot care practices, using the right socks and shoes can significantly reduce the risk of serious complications associated with T1D.
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