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Are you familiar with the four stages of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? An autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the joints, RA is characterized by chronic inflammation. This inflammation leads to pain, swelling, and joint damage. Millions of people worldwide live with RA. About 70% are women, and 55% are older than the age of 55. This condition can eventually lead to heart, lung, or nervous system problems. While the causes are unknown, we do have a good handle on what the four stages are and things to look for. While someone with the condition typically progresses through four stages, not everyone will experience all stages, and the severity and progression can vary from person to person. Here's an overview of each stage!
Stage 1
This first stage is also called early-stage rheumatoid arthritis. In stage one, tissues inside the joints start to swell. This tissue is known as the synovial membrane, and when it gets inflamed it leads to joint pain, stiffness, and swelling. It can happen across the body, be it the hands, knees, or feet. The inflammation is also often symmetrical, meaning the same joints are affected on both sides of the body. The pain sensations typically disappear with movement however!
In stage one, there is no damage to the bones. The only part of the body affected is the joint lining. This stage is also fairly difficult to diagnose, as people who develop RA may not even be aware of it initially.
Stage 2
The second stage is also known as moderate-stage RA. Here, the inflammation in the synovial membrane starts to cause damage to joint cartilage. Cartilage is a strong, flexible tissue that protects your joints and bones. When this area is damaged, people with stage two RA can start to experience more pain and a loss in mobility. Range of motion is also affected.
Stage 3
At this point, rheumatoid arthritis is considered severe. Stage three RA is when damage to the joints has affected the cartilage enough to wear it away. Once this protective layer is gone or mostly gone, the bones they are supposed to protect start to rub together. The causes more pain and swelling, muscle weakness, and mobility loss.
When bones rub together, there can be significant damage! Their shape or structure may change, leading to symptoms like twisted fingers or thickened knuckles depending on where the RA occurs. These misshapen joints can press on nerves and cause additional pain.
Stage 4
The final stage of rheumatoid arthritis, the is also known as end-stage RA. At this point, there is no longer inflammation in the joint, and the joints do not work as they should. You can still experience pain, swelling, stiffness, and mobility loss. Muscles may be weaker, and the joints can become damaged enough where bones actually start to fuse together. This is a process known as ankylosis. Daily activities are often very challenging for people living with stage 4 RA.
It's important to note that with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the progression of rheumatoid arthritis can be slowed or even halted. This can help maintain joint function for as long as possible. Early intervention can prevent or minimize joint damage. Be sure to work closely with your healthcare provider to monitor the progression of RA!