Medically reviewed and verified by Kate Burke, MD, MHA
Estimated reading time: 4 minutes
Among the different types of amyloidosis, there is one that can lead to a vitamin A deficiency in the body. Wild-type amyloidosis is characterized by a misfolding of the TTR protein. This protein, when functioning properly, moves two hormones throughout the body: thyroxine and retinol. Retinol is a form of vitamin A!
Among the many symptoms caused by amyloidosis, a vitamin A deficiency can raise some serious health concerns. You may be familiar with vitamin A and what it does, but for most people the role these nutrients play is unclear. Today, PatientsLikeMe will explore this vitamin, the effect it has on the body, and what you can do to keep your body at an appropriate level.
What is Vitamin A?
Vitamin A is a nutrient that helps your body with vision, growth, cell division, reproduction and immunity. It comes in two forms: retinoids and carotenoids. Neither are produced naturally by the body and must come from food. Retinoids are from animal sources, and carotenoids come from plants. Both forms are essential to proper function. That's where amyloidosis can cause problems. In wild-type amyloidosis the protein meant to move retinol throughout the body becomes unstable. It misfolds, starts to build up in different organs, and causes damage. One of the side effects is that it is unable to transport retinol when needed. That means parts of the body that need retinol are not getting enough to function, and you can slip into a vitamin A deficiency.
Effects on the Body
Depending on the severity, a vitamin A deficiency can impact the body in many ways. Here are the most common symptoms to watch for.
- Night blindness: Vitamin A helps with vision. Over time, a deficiency can lead to worsened sight, especially in low light. Eventually this will lead to complete blindness at night.
- Xerophthalmia: This is a medical condition where the eyes are unable to produce tears. Over time the eyes will dry out and can lead to permanent blindness if untreated.
- Weakened Immune System: Vitamin A helps the body combat infections. In a healthy body, vitamin A enhances your antibody responses to antigens. When you are in a deficient state, you are more prone to infections and illness.
- Bitot Spots: Bitot spots are small triangular patches of the conjunctiva, the mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye. They often appear foamy or white in color.
- Skin Irritation: Vitamin A helps keep your skin healthy. It plays a key role in both creating and repairing skin cells. A lack of it can lead to dry, scaly or itchy skin.
- Keratomalacia: Keratomalacia is an eye condition where the cornea, the clear layer in front of the iris and pupil, becomes dry and cloudy. It is often a symptom that comes from the development of xerophthalmia.
- Stunted Growth: Vitamin A helps cells in the body grow and develop. A vitamin A deficiency can lead to stunted growth and bone development in children.
- Infertility: Vitamin A plays a key role in both male and female reproductive systems. Without it, people may have difficulties conceiving or be unable to.
Navigating a Deficiency
While it may seem like a vitamin A deficiency will throw your life off track, there are several steps you can take to get back to a healthy level! The first thing to do is talk to your doctor. Regular consultations with your healthcare providers, including a nutritionist or dietitian, can help make sure you are getting the right nutrients to support your overall health and well-being. Depending on your situation, your doctor may recommend supplements. Always follow your doctor's instructions carefully when taking any medications.
Incorporating foods rich in vitamin A into your diet can help boost your levels. These include carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, kale, and liver. However, if your amyloidosis affects your digestive system, your body may have trouble absorbing nutrients from food. Supplements may be necessary in this instance. Your healthcare team will monitor your vitamin A levels and adjust your treatment plan as needed.
Dealing with a vitamin A deficiency caused by amyloidosis can be challenging. However, working closely with your healthcare team and making lifestyle and dietary changes can help you navigate this part of your condition. With care and attention, you can improve your overall quality of life!
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