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What is Deep Brain Stimulation?
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure where electrodes are implanted into specific areas of the brain. These electrodes produce electrical impulses that regulate abnormal brain activity. Essentially, the idea is to "turn off" parts of the brain without damaging them. This treatment is commonly associated with movement disorders like Parkinson's disease and Epilepsy. As of late, researchers have been exploring its potential in managing symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). The FDA has not specifically approved DBS to treat multiple sclerosis, but that does not mean it is experimental or your insurance won't cover it. Many common treatments aren't FDA approved for specific medical conditions.
How Can DBS Help?
The idea behind using DBS for MS is to regulate neural circuits involved in symptoms like spasticity, tremors, or even pain. There are other symptoms of MS that cannot be targeted by DBS. These include vision loss, sensations, and weakness. However, by regulating abnormal neural signals, DBS can alleviate other specific symptoms associated. This can potentially improve a person's quality of life.
How is This Procedure Done?
There are three components of a DBS system. Electrodes, an extension wires, and the internal pulse generator. During the procedure, electrodes are surgically implanted into specific areas of the brain. These electrodes are then connected by the extension wires to the pulse generator. Both the extension wires and pulse generator are typically implanted under the skin. The pulse generator then sends electrical impulses to the brain, modulating neural activity. As of 2019, around 160,000 people have had this procedure done, with 12,000 more happening each year.
What Are The Advantages?
DBS is typically used to intervene once medications have been found to be ineffective. It is a surgical procedure, with devices being implanted in the body. However, it does offer some advantages over traditional surgical interventions. Depending on symptoms, it can be performed on one or both sides of the brain. The effects of the treatment are reversible, and can be customized to each patient. Additionally, stimulation settings can be adjusted over time through the pulse generator, which also provides continuos control over symptoms 24 hours a day. Finally, patients who have gone through DBS can still participate in other treatments. If doctors decide additional therapies may be required, they are not excluded.
Are There Side Effects?
As with any surgical procedure, there are risks involved. These can include infection, bleeding, headaches, or a worsening mental state. Additionally, there might be side effects related to the stimulation, such as tingling sensations, muscle contractions, loss of balance, or speech problems. It's crucial to thoroughly discuss potential risks and benefits with healthcare professionals.
Will This Cure My MS?
No, DBS is not a cure for MS. It is considered an experimental treatment, and its effectiveness in managing MS symptoms is still being studied. While it may provide relief for some symptoms, it doesn't address the underlying cause of MS. Research on DBS for MS is evolving. Some studies suggest potential benefits in managing spasticity and tremors, but more extensive, well-controlled studies are needed to determine its true efficacy and safety for individuals with MS.
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