Understanding Fibromyalgia Trigger Points

Estimated reading time: 5 minutes

Fibromyalgia is a complex and often misunderstood chronic pain condition that affects millions of people worldwide. One of the defining features of fibromyalgia is the presence of tender points or trigger points scattered across the body. These trigger points play a crucial role in the pain experienced by individuals with fibromyalgia.

Today PLM will delve into the intricacies of fibromyalgia trigger points. You will learn what they are, how they contribute to pain, and potential strategies for managing this challenging condition.

What are Trigger Points?

Fibromyalgia trigger points are specific areas of the body that are particularly sensitive to pressure. These points are not exclusive to fibromyalgia, but their presence is a key diagnostic criterion for the condition. In 1990, the American College of Rheumatology defined 18 tender points, symmetrically distributed across the body, and individuals with fibromyalgia typically experience pain in at least 11 of these points.

graphic identifying where the fibromyalgia tender points can be found on the human body; neck, chest, elbows, shoulders, hips, knees

Common Locations

Neck (Base of the Skull): The trigger points at the base of the skull are often associated with tension headaches and neck pain. Individuals with fibromyalgia may experience heightened sensitivity and discomfort in this area. This can can radiate into the upper part of the neck.
Shoulders (Upper Back, Near the Shoulder Blades): Trigger points in the shoulders, especially near the shoulder blades, can contribute to pain and stiffness. The muscles in this region are commonly affected in fibromyalgia, impacting posture and causing discomfort with movement.
Chest (Just Below the Collarbone): Trigger points just below the collarbone can result in chest pain and contribute to the feeling of chest tightness. This area is often associated with pain during breathing and can worsen from stress or poor posture.
Elbows (Outer Aspect): The outer aspect of the elbows is a common location for trigger points in fibromyalgia. Pain and tenderness in this area can affect daily activities and may be aggravated by repetitive motions or pressure.
Hips (Upper Buttocks): Trigger points in the upper buttocks or hips can lead to pain and discomfort, particularly during periods of prolonged sitting or standing. This can contribute to difficulties with mobility and impact the ability to engage in regular physical activities.
Knees (Inside of the Knee Joint): Trigger points on the inside of the knee may cause localized pain and discomfort. Knee pain can worsen from factors such as prolonged periods of standing or walking. It may also contribute to challenges in maintaining an active lifestyle.

Young woman sitting, dealing with with chronic pain

How Trigger Points Contribute to Fibromyalgia Pain

We still do not fully understand the exact mechanisms underlying fibromyalgia pain. Research suggests that trigger points may contribute to the amplification of pain signals in the central nervous system. These points are believed to be hyperactive areas within the muscles, where pain signals are intensified, leading to widespread discomfort.

Several factors may contribute to the development and activation of trigger points in fibromyalgia:

Muscle Overuse and Fatigue: Prolonged muscle use or repetitive motions can lead to muscle fatigue. This can contribute to the development of trigger points.
Stress and Anxiety: Emotional stress and anxiety exacerbate fibromyalgia symptoms. Stress may cause muscle tension and worsen the sensitivity of trigger points.
Sleep Disturbances: Fibromyalgia often lead to sleep disorders. Inadequate sleep can contribute to increased pain sensitivity and trigger point activation.

Ways To Manage Fibromyalgia Trigger Points

While there is no cure for fibromyalgia, various strategies can help manage symptoms and alleviate the impact of trigger points:

Physical Therapy: Gentle exercises, stretching, and massage therapy can help improve flexibility. They also reduce muscle tension and alleviate pain associated with trigger points.
Medication: Pain relievers, muscle relaxants, and medications that target nerve pain are a key tool in managing fibromyalgia symptoms.
Stress Management: Techniques such as mindfulness, meditation, and deep breathing can help reduce stress levels, potentially minimizing trigger point activation.
Sleep Hygiene: Establishing a regular sleep routine and creating a comfortable sleep environment can contribute to better sleep quality and may reduce the impact of trigger points.
Balanced Lifestyle: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a well-balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate hydration, can positively influence overall well-being and potentially alleviate fibromyalgia symptoms.

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Fibromyalgia trigger points are integral to understanding the pain experienced by individuals with this complex condition. While managing fibromyalgia can be challenging, a comprehensive approach can significantly improve quality of life for those affected. Ongoing research continues to deepen our understanding of fibromyalgia, offering hope for more effective treatments in the future.

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