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What is Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)?
Persistent Depressive Disorder, also known as dysthymia, is a chronic form of depression characterized by a persistent low mood that lasts for at least two years in adults (one year in children and adolescents). Individuals with PDD often experience a range of depressive symptoms that may not be as severe as major depressive disorder (MDD) but can significantly impact daily life.
How is PDD Different From Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?
While both PDD and MDD are forms of depression, the main difference lies in the duration and intensity of symptoms. PDD involves a chronic, low-level depression that persists for an extended period. On the other hand, MDD includes more intense depressive episodes that may last for a shorter duration.
Common Symptoms of PDD
Symptoms of PDD include:
- Persistent feelings of sadness or emptiness
- Loss of interest in daily activities
- Changes in appetite
- Sleep disturbances
- Low energy
- Poor concentration
- Feelings of hopelessness
- Negative self-image
PDD Causes
The exact cause of PDD is not fully understood, but a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors may contribute to its development. Individuals with a family history of depression, traumatic experiences, or chronic stress may be at a higher risk.
Diagnosing PDD
Diagnosis typically involves a thorough assessment by a mental health professional, considering the duration and nature of the symptoms. The clinician may use interviews, questionnaires, and observations to gather information about the individual's mental health history and current symptoms.
PDD Treatment
Good news, PDD is treatable! Treatment may involve a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and lifestyle changes. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can address negative thought patterns. Prescribing antidepressant medications helps regulate mood.
What Lifestyle Changes Help Manage PDD?
Adopting a healthy lifestyle can complement formal treatment. Overall well-being can boosted through:
- Regular exercise
- Adequate sleep
- A balanced diet
- Stress management techniques
Social support and engagement in activities that bring joy and fulfillment are also important aspects of managing PDD.
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